Shipping plays an indispensable role in international trade and the global economy in the 21st century, serving as the most efficient means for the transportation of goods across nations, whether coastal or landlocked. The centrality of the maritime sector is underscored by the fact that over 90% of global trade is conducted by sea, making the establishment of a robust legal and regulatory framework essential for ensuring maritime safety and the seaworthiness of vessels. This is why Mariners, shipowners, governments and other stakeholders in the maritime industry have been concerned for years about the safety of ships, their crews, cargo and passengers. In a globalized world, the significance of maritime safety to world trade and the stability of key supply chains cannot be overemphasized given the spate of maritime accidents, the latest of which was the collision of the Dali container ship with the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America. The disaster brought to the fore the importance of maintenance and constant modernization of safety regulations in order to fulfill the requirements of reliability of vessel, machinery and equipment, and the competence of the crew, both critical to the statutory obligation of seaworthiness. It is within this context that the interplay between maritime safety standards established under international conventions and their implementation by flag states within their domestic legal frameworks has to be further explored in order to provide a lens through which to view contemporary maritime safety measures and mitigate the occurrence of future maritime disasters.
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